When trying to find out if the soil in your garden has more clay or sand the first thing you should do it dig a hole. 1 ft x 1ft x 1 ft is a good sized hole for this. Note how hard or easy this hole is too dig. If it is on the easier side to dig then your soil is likely to be more sand-based, whereas if it is harder to dig, your soil is more likely to be clay based. If the soil is more grey, it is more clay-based and if it is more beige then it is more sand-based. The looser your soil is the more likely it is to be sand-based; the opposite is true to clay-based soil, it will be much clumpier.
In addition, the darker your soil is the more organic matter it has, which as explained in the previous post about soil is a major plus. The more worms the better also. If you find that any of your plants' roots ever stop and go sideways or in a completely other direction there is a good chance there is something hard not too far down. You should also try to check how far down your plants' roots go. The finer the roots, the better the oxygen in your garden.
Note the differences in color between the below images.
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